Oh, well… Infographic: Household Wells in the United States – Circle of Blue October 1, 2018/in Groundwater, Infrastructure, United States, Water Management, Water News /by Brett WaltonBy Brett Walton, Circle of BlueThirteen percent of Americans, some 42 million people, use a household well for their water supply.The largest clusters of people who use wells are not where you might expect. There are frequent reports of dry wells in the American West, but despite its ranch-and-frontier image, the region is the most urban in the country. Most people there live in cities and are connected to a water utility’s distribution system. { shaded map showing US well distribution } According to U.S. Geological Survey data, counties with the most people using household wells are found in the East: in Florida, the Great Lakes region, the Carolinas, and along the Interstate 95 corridor from Maryland to New Hampshire. There are also large pockets in California and along the western slopes of the Cascades.Which county ranks highest? Prince George’s County, Maryland, which abuts the nation’s capital, with 277,325 people who use a well. Second is Erie County, New York, home to Buffalo, with 264,990.The counties with the highest percentage of residents with a well looks similar. The Great Lakes states, especially Michigan, the Piedmont region of North Carolina and Virginia, and northern Florida have many counties where two-thirds or more of residents use a well. Counties in the Great Plains and northern Rockies, though sparsely populated, also have a high percentage of residents who rely on a well…
Scientists Support an Idea Long Thought Outlandish: Reflecting the Sun’s RaysThe National Academies said the United States must study technologies that would artificially cool the planet by blocking sunlight, citing the lack of progress fighting global warming.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/climate/geoengineering-sunlight.html?smid=tw-share (Ideally, place a large reflecting disk – perhaps 2000 km diameter -at the L1 Lagrange Point between the earth and the sun, as a sortof gigantic parasol to reduce sunlight reaching the earth. Oddly,this is a stable, stationary point, well known by orbital-mechanicsexperts. Not nearly as far-fetched as it sounds.)A space sunshade or sunshield is a parasol that diverts or otherwise reduces some of a star’s radiation, preventing them from hitting a spacecraft or planet and thereby reducing its insolation, which results in reduced heating. Light can be diverted by different methods. First proposed in 1989, the original space sunshade concept involves putting a large occulting disc, or technology of equivalent purpose, between the Earth and Sun.A sunshade is of particular interest as a climate engineering method for mitigatingglobal warming through solar radiation management. Heightened interest in such projects reflects the concern that internationally negotiated reductions in carbon emissions may be insufficient to stem climate change. Sunshades could also be used to produce space solar power, acting as solar power satellites. Proposed shade designs include a single-piece shade and a shade made by a great number of small objects. Most such proposals contemplate a blocking element at the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrangian point.In 1989, James Early proposed a space-based sun-shade to divert sunlight at the planetary level. His design involved making a large glass (2,000 km) occulter from lunar material and placing at the L1 point. Issues included the large amount of material needed to make the disc and also the energy to launch it to its orbit… (Wikipedia)
However, probably just about as far fetched as it sounds, aslight-pressure from the sun acting to push the giant parasolout of position would be a serious issue that designers wouldhave to deal with.
It would be far wiser (& presumably cheaper) to do what is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and methane) to the point where the natural Oxygen-CO2 cycles can function properly as they did in eons past.
NY Times – March 23WASHINGTON — The idea of artificially cooling the planet to blunt climate change — in effect, blocking sunlight before it can warm the atmosphere — got a boost on Thursday when an influential scientific body urged the United States government to spend at least $100 million to research the technology. That technology, often called solar geoengineering, entails reflecting more of the sun’s energy back into space through techniques that include injecting aerosols into the atmosphere. In a new report, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine said that governments urgently need to know whether solar geoengineering could work and what the side effects might be. “Solar geoengineering is not a substitute for decarbonizing,” said Chris Field, director of the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University and head of the committee that produced the report, referring to the need to emit less carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Still, he said, technology to reflect sunlight “deserves substantial funding, and it should be researched as rapidly and effectively as possible.” The report acknowledged the risks that have made geoengineering one of the most contentious issues in climate policy. Those risks include upsetting regional weather patterns in potentially devastating ways, for example by changing the behavior of the monsoon in South Asia; relaxing public pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and even creating an “unacceptable risk of catastrophically rapid warming” if governments started reflecting sunlight for a period of time, and then later stopped. …
Oh, well… Infographic: Household Wells in the United States – Circle of Blue October 1, 2018/in Groundwater, Infrastructure, United States, Water Management, Water News /by Brett WaltonBy Brett Walton, Circle of BlueThirteen percent of Americans, some 42 million people, use a household well for their water supply.The largest clusters of people who use wells are not where you might expect. There are frequent reports of dry wells in the American West, but despite its ranch-and-frontier image, the region is the most urban in the country. Most people there live in cities and are connected to a water utility’s distribution system. { shaded map showing US well distribution } According to U.S. Geological Survey data, counties with the most people using household wells are found in the East: in Florida, the Great Lakes region, the Carolinas, and along the Interstate 95 corridor from Maryland to New Hampshire. There are also large pockets in California and along the western slopes of the Cascades.Which county ranks highest? Prince George’s County, Maryland, which abuts the nation’s capital, with 277,325 people who use a well. Second is Erie County, New York, home to Buffalo, with 264,990.The counties with the highest percentage of residents with a well looks similar. The Great Lakes states, especially Michigan, the Piedmont region of North Carolina and Virginia, and northern Florida have many counties where two-thirds or more of residents use a well. Counties in the Great Plains and northern Rockies, though sparsely populated, also have a high percentage of residents who rely on a well…
Ron:
Oh yea, 8 links will get you into the approval mode. Are you doing this to piss me off?
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/climate/geoengineering-sunlight.html?smid=tw-share (Ideally, place a large reflecting disk – perhaps 2000 km diameter -at the L1 Lagrange Point between the earth and the sun, as a sortof gigantic parasol to reduce sunlight reaching the earth. Oddly,this is a stable, stationary point, well known by orbital-mechanicsexperts. Not nearly as far-fetched as it sounds.)A space sunshade or sunshield is a parasol that diverts or otherwise reduces some of a star’s radiation, preventing them from hitting a spacecraft or planet and thereby reducing its insolation, which results in reduced heating. Light can be diverted by different methods. First proposed in 1989, the original space sunshade concept involves putting a large occulting disc, or technology of equivalent purpose, between the Earth and Sun.A sunshade is of particular interest as a climate engineering method for mitigating global warming through solar radiation management. Heightened interest in such projects reflects the concern that internationally negotiated reductions in carbon emissions may be insufficient to stem climate change. Sunshades could also be used to produce space solar power, acting as solar power satellites. Proposed shade designs include a single-piece shade and a shade made by a great number of small objects. Most such proposals contemplate a blocking element at the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrangian point.In 1989, James Early proposed a space-based sun-shade to divert sunlight at the planetary level. His design involved making a large glass (2,000 km) occulter from lunar material and placing at the L1 point. Issues included the large amount of material needed to make the disc and also the energy to launch it to its orbit… (Wikipedia)
However, probably just about as far fetched as it sounds, aslight-pressure from the sun acting to push the giant parasolout of position would be a serious issue that designers wouldhave to deal with.
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/climate/geoengineering-sunlight.html?smid=tw-shareThe National Academies said the United States must study technologies that would artificially cool the planet by blocking sunlight, citing the lack of progress fighting global warming.NY Times – March 25(Which would have to consider placing an occluding disk betweenthe earth & the sun at the L1 Lagrange point to act a a giant parasol.)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_sunshade
It would be far wiser (& presumably cheaper) to do what is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and methane) to the point where the natural Oxygen-CO2 cycles can function properly as they did in eons past.
NY Times – March 23WASHINGTON — The idea of artificially cooling the planet to blunt climate change — in effect, blocking sunlight before it can warm the atmosphere — got a boost on Thursday when an influential scientific body urged the United States government to spend at least $100 million to research the technology. That technology, often called solar geoengineering, entails reflecting more of the sun’s energy back into space through techniques that include injecting aerosols into the atmosphere. In a new report, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine said that governments urgently need to know whether solar geoengineering could work and what the side effects might be. “Solar geoengineering is not a substitute for decarbonizing,” said Chris Field, director of the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University and head of the committee that produced the report, referring to the need to emit less carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Still, he said, technology to reflect sunlight “deserves substantial funding, and it should be researched as rapidly and effectively as possible.” The report acknowledged the risks that have made geoengineering one of the most contentious issues in climate policy. Those risks include upsetting regional weather patterns in potentially devastating ways, for example by changing the behavior of the monsoon in South Asia; relaxing public pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and even creating an “unacceptable risk of catastrophically rapid warming” if governments started reflecting sunlight for a period of time, and then later stopped. …